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| 责任编辑：admin 更新日期：2005-8-6 |
怪。对于 *nix 系统你需要 PHP 的 CGI 版本安装在了你的系统并且简单地运行下面地命令：
lynx -source go-pear.org|php
After completing the installation process you simply need to type one more command and you are all set.
在安装完成之后你只需要再输入一行命令那么就全部搞定了。
pear install MDB
If the above does not work for you there is always the option of getting the package directly from the PEAR MDB homepage. The URL is listed at the bottom of the article.
如果前面的过程对你来说不管用，总是有从 PEAR MDB 主页中直接获得包的选项。URL 列于文章的最后。
Making use of data type abstraction
利用数据类型抽象
Since most databases tend to have some specialities or quirks it is important for MDB to hide these differences from the developer. MDB achieves this by defining its own internal data types: text, boolean, integer, decimal, float, date, time, time stamp, large objects (files). All data that is passed to and from the database may be converted from MDB's internal format to the databases internal format. The accompanying example scripts to this section can be found in the datatype directory. Let us look at the following query:
因为大部分数据库倾向于有一些个性或者怪癖，对于MDB来说把这些不同之处给开发者隐藏起来非常重要。MDB 通过定义自己的内部数据类型来达到这点：text，boolean，integer，decimal，float，date，time，time stamp，large objects（文件）。所有传递给数据库和从数据库获取的数据都能转换成 MDB 的内部格式或者从数据库的内部格式转化回来。本节相关的例子脚本能够再 datatype 目录中找到。让我们看看下面的查询：
$session = '098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6';
// set time out to 30 minutes
$timeout = time()+60*30;
// SELECT query showing how the datatype conversion works
$query = 'SELECT createtime, user_id FROM sessions';
$query .= ' WHERE session = '.$session;
$query .= ' AND lastaccess < '.$timeout;
This query will most likely fail if it were send to a database. The reason being that the value stored in $name would need to be converted to the correct string format. This would mean the contents of $name would have to have special characters escaped and quotes placed around. PEAR DB provides the method DB:.quote() for this. In MDB the method is called MDB::getTextValue(). The difference is that MDB offers such a method for every data type listed above. So we can also convert $timeout to the correct format.
这个查询如果发送给数据库的话八成要失败。原因是存储在 $name 中的值需要转换为正确的字符串格式。这也许意味着 $name 的内容可能有特殊的转义字符或者被引号包围。PEAR DB 为此提供了方法 DB:.quote()。在 MDB 中这个方法叫 MDB::getTextValue()。不同之处是 MDB 给每种前面所列的数据类型都提供了这样的函数。因而我们也能够把 $timeout 转换为正确的格式。
// convert $timeout to the MDB timestamp format
$timeout = MDB_date::unix2Mdbstamp($timeout);
// SELECT query showing how the datatype conversion works
$query = 'SELECT createtime, user_id FROM sessions';
$query .= ' WHERE session = '.$mdb->getTextValue($session);
$query .= ' AND lastaccess < '.$mdb->getTimestampValue($timeout);
For the sake of the example let us assume that we only want to retrieve the first row. MDB::queryRow() fetches the first row, he frees the result set and returns the content, so it is exactly what we want.
为了作个演示，让我们假定我仅仅想要获取第一行。MDB::queryRow() 获得第一行，它释放结果集并且返回其内容，因而它正是我们所要的。
$result = $mdb->queryRow($query);
But different RDBMS return data like dates in different formats. So, if I then want to do some date arithmetic it is important that data is always returned in the same format regardless of the RDBMS chosen. This can be done semi-automatically by MDB. All you need to do is tell MDB what type your result columns will have and MDB handles the conversion. The easiest way is to pass such information with the query method call:
但是不同的 RDBMS 返回像日期这样的数据时用的格式是不同的。因此，如果我们然后要对一些数据进行计算，不管选择的 RDBMS 是什么，把数据以相同的格式返回是重要的。这个可以由 MDB 半自动地完成。你所有需要做的是告诉你的结果列将是什么样的类型，MDB将处理转换的工作。最简单的办法是把这样的信息传递给查询函数。
$types = array('timestamp', 'integer');
$result = $mdb->queryRow($query, $types);
This tells MDB that the first column of the result set is of the type `timestamp' and the second is of the type `integer'. All methods that allow querying can take such meta-information as an optional parameter. The data can also be set later using MDB::setResultTypes(). Depending on the database that the data is retrieved from, it will then convert the returned data accordingly. The MDB internal data format for timestamps is the ISO 8601 standard. Other packages such as PEAR::Date can handle this format. MDB also provides a small number of methods for date format conversion in the MDB_Date class that can be included optionally.
这告诉 MDB 结果集的第一列类型是 'timestamp' 以及第二列是'integer'。所有查询函数能够接受这样的元信息作为可选的参数。数据还能事后用 MDB::setResultTypes() 来设置。取决于数据获取于的数据库，它然后将被相应的转换返回的数据。MDB 内部的 timestamps 的数据格式是遵循 ISO 8601 标准的。其他像 PEAR::Date 这样的包能够处理这种格式。MDB 还在 MDB_Date 类中提供了一些数据格式转换函数，它们能够被可选的包含。
Since pretty much every RDBMS returns integer data the same way there is no need to convert integer data. So, in order to gain a slight performance improvement you could do the following:
因为相当多的 RDBMS 以相同的方法返回整数数据，没有必要转换整数数据。因而，为了获得稍许的性能改进你能够这么做：
$types = array('timestamp');
$result = $mdb->queryRow($query, $types);
This way only the first column of the result set would be converted. Of course this may become an issue if MDB would be used in conjunction with a database that does return integers differently. However unlikely, the slight performance increase might not be worth this risk. But again it shows that the usage of these features is optional.
这样只有结果集的第一列会被转换。当然，如果 MDB 用于返回整数不同的数据库，这可能成为一个问题。然而，稍许的性能改善可能并不值得冒这个风险。但是再一次的，它显示了这些特性的使用仅仅是供选择的。
Listing 1 shows an example use of prepared queries. These can be quite convenient if you have to run a number of queries where the only difference is in the data that is being passed to the database while the structure of the query remains the same. Advanced databases can store the parsed query in memory to offer a performance boost.
Listing 1 展示了一个使用预准备的查询的例子。如果你必须运行大量查询而唯一的差别是数据传递给数据库，但是查询的结构还是一样的，这些能够相当的方便。高级的数据库能够在内存中储存解析好的查询来加速性能。
Listing 1
$alldata = array(
array(1, 'one', 'un'),
array(2, 'two', 'deux'),
array(3, 'three', 'trois'),
array(4, 'four', 'quatre')
);
$p_query = $mdb->prepareQuery('INSERT INTO numbers VALUES (?,?,?)');
$param_types = array('integer', 'text', 'text');
foreach ($alldata as $row) {
$mdb->execute($p_query, NULL, $row, $param_types);
}
Each of the 4 arrays that are stored in $alldata will be used in an execute statement. The data will automatically be converted to the correct format. Since this is an insert statement the second parameter for MDB::execute() is set to NULL because we will not have any result columns for which we would need to set data types.
在 $alldata 中储存的所有四个数组将用于 execute 语句。数据将自动被转换为正确的格式。因为这是一个插入语句，MDB::execute() 的第二个参数被设置为 NULL 因为我们将没有任何结果列需要我们设置数据类型。
Among the supported data type are also LOB's (Large OBjects) which allow you to store files into a database. Binary files are stored in BLOBs (Binary Large OBject) and normal text files are stored on CLOBs (Character Large OBject). In MDB you can only store LOB's using prepared INSERT and UPDATE queries. Using either MDB::setParamBlob() or MDB::setParamClob() you can set the values of the LOB field in a prepared query. Both methods expect to be passed a LOB object however which can be created using MDB::createLob().
在支持的数据类型中还有 LOB （大对象），它使得我们能够在数据库中储存文件。二进制文件储存在 BLOB （二进制大对象）中而且普通文本文件储存在 CLOB （字符大对象）中。在 MDB 中你仅仅能够使用预准备的 INSERT 和 UPDATE 查询储存 LOB。使用 MDBA::setParamBlob() 或者 MDB::setParamClob() 你能够设置预准备查询的 LOB 域的值。两个函数都预期传递一个 LOB 对象，而它能够使用 MDB::createLob() 创建。
$binary_lob = array(
'Type' => 'inputfile',
'FileName' => './myfile.gif'
);
$blob = $mdb->createLob($binary_lob);
$character_lob = array(
'Type' => 'data',
'Data' => 'this would be a very long string container the CLOB data'
);
$clob = $mdb->createLo上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页 |
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